«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(73), March 2024

Abstract. The work provides an analysis of the costs of construction and repair of road surfaces and their service life. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of road surfaces in Russia are considered from the point of view of the large-scale use of oxidized bitumen, which is due to economic factors. A scheme for the modernization of an asphalt concrete plant with the use of innovative technology for processing a mixture with protective gases (nitrogen in a mixing hopper, carbon dioxide in storage bunkers) is proposed. Options for providing the technological process with protective gases are indicated. Based on the results of laboratory and field tests, the total coefficient of influence of the quality of bitumen binder aged in different environments on the wear resistance and operational characteristics of asphalt concrete pavement is derived. A feasibility study of the proposed technology is given on the example of the low-productivity DS-185 plant. The costs for the supply of protective gases and capital one-time costs for retrofitting the plant with the necessary equipment are calculated. It is determined that the use of this technology will improve the performance characteristics of the finished mixture. The reduction in road repair costs will be significantly higher than the increase in the cost of road construction.

Keywords: bitumen, oxidized bitumen, bitumen aging, thermal aging, thermal oxidation, asphalt concrete mixture, Rosavtodor, natural bitumen, protective gas

References

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Abstract. The article deals with the issues of forming a graph of the road network in order to study the disturbances in the functioning of transport links due to the deterioration of bridge structures. A graph consists of a set of its vertices and a set of its edges denoting elements of the road network. Two variants of graph formation are distinguished - without and with the use of edge contraction operation. The implementation of both approaches is demonstrated on the example of a road section with bridges. Both options proved to be suitable for conducting a study of the effect of the load capacity of operational bridges on the connectivity of the road network, with each having its own advantages and disadvantages. The resulting modeling experience and qualitative comparison of the options allowed us to formulate recommendations on graph composition and selection from the pro-posed alternatives. The results of the study can be used mainly for the formation of road network models, the analysis of which with the use of graph theory tools will allow to solve a number of practical problems, for example: road management; planning of design and construction-assembly works of bridges; assessing the feasibility of placing temporary bridges; assessing the accessibility of vehicle passage on the road network taking into ac-count the condition of bridges.

Keywords: connectivity, road network, graph, edge contraction, bridges, load capacity.

References

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Abstract. The article considers the current state of the issue in the field of methods for calculating throughput and geometric parameters of sections of intertwining traffic flows on multi-lane roads. It is noted that the previously proposed methods of calculating throughput are mainly designed for traffic conditions on suburban multi-lane roads (motorways), and also do not take into account a number of criteria, which does not allow using such models in the development of design solutions for highways. The article proposes a method for determining the capacity and length of interlacing sections based on the author's model of traffic flow in areas of aggregation and segregation for traffic conditions in the largest cities of the Russian Federation. The results of the research are recommended for use in the appointment of planned high-rise solutions for areas of intertwining traffic flows on main urban high-speed roads.

Keywords: road design, capacity, traffic flow, section of intertwining, length of interlacing section, main urban high-speed roads.

References

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Abstract. In article concepts of traditional statistical assessment of reliability and risk assessment of emergence of failures of construction machines under operating conditions taking into account climatic and geographical features of Iran reveal. The comparative analysis of determination results of reliability level of the basic structural elements and systems of the construction equipment is carried out. The technique of assessment and risk management is presented on the example of an excavator hydraulic system. The hydraulic drive of the construction machine is a complex system which is exposed to a set of dynamic loads of variable character and works in the conditions of the external influence caused by various factors. The graphic model of frequency influence of machines maintenance on wear intensity and a resource of structural elements is presented in article. The determination algorithm of optimum parameters of durability construction machines working under operating conditions Iran is described. An example of quality standard of risk is reviewed. For a solution of the problem of regional operational conditions influence on reliability at risk assessment of construction machines the two-stage approach is recommended. Methods of response to possible risks of construction machines failures are listed. Results of the conducted researches and the offered recommendations are confirmed by concrete examples of the current technical condition determination, a residual resource and prevention of malfunctions emergence.

Keywords: risk, assessment, refusal, hydraulic system, repair, road machines.

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Abstract. The article examines the problem of selecting, justifying and ranking criteria for assessing service support for road construction machines. Based on an in-depth analysis of the content and quality of service services, taking into account domestic and foreign experience, 14 criteria were formed that comprehensively reflect the level of requirements for service support. A group of 20 expert specialists in the fields of production, consumption and maintenance of equipment was asked to assess the significance of the criteria for evaluating service support services for front loaders. In order to increase the objectivity of expert assessments, the questionnaire did not provide for the simultaneous ranking of all 14 criteria, but their pairwise comparison with the choice of the more important of the two criteria, which made the expert’s task easier. When processing the survey results, the rank of the criterion was determined by the number of preferences given by experts to this criterion during pairwise comparison. The consistency of expert opinions was assessed by the coefficients of variation of their assessments for each criterion. It has been established that there is a close correlation between the coefficients of variation and the ranks assigned to the criteria. Expert opinions differ more sharply regarding more important criteria than regarding secondary criteria, where there is greater unanimity. In general, the consistency of ex-pert opinions can be considered satisfactory, as evidenced by the value and statistical significance of the concordance coefficient. In the opinion of the expert group, two criteria turned out to be the most important and similar in terms of the ranks assigned by the experts: the duration and conditions of warranty and post-warranty support, as well as the availability of the entire range of spare parts. The third criterion – pricing (cost of ser-vices) – lags behind them by a whole point. This indicates that the reliability and quality of services are of concern to the client in service support to a greater extent than their price.

Keywords: service support, road construction machines, service evaluation criteria, expertise, service rank

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Abstract. Transport provision of a region directly affects its transport accessibility. The better developed the transport infrastructure and its facilities, as well as the network of main communication routes, the higher the level of accessibility of the region for residents and businesses. The article is devoted to determining the indicator of transport accessibility of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It discusses the main parameters that should be taken into account when assessing transport accessibility. The authors analyze official statistical data on the length of road and railway communications, and population, as well as the existing seasonal characteristics of cargo delivery across the territory of the constituent entities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Based on the determined indicator, existing formulas for calculating the transport accessibility of the region, proposed by Russian and foreign scientists, are examined. Based on the results of the study, the authors propose the use in calculations of indicators of the length of the main communication routes, population size, as well as correction factors calculated based on a study of the periods of operation of a particular type of transport, depending on weather and climatic conditions.

Keywords: transport accessibility, Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, indicator of transport accessibility, transport system, transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

References

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Abstract. The paper deals with the solution of the urgent problem of reducing the negative impact on the environment when performing road freight transportation. It is shown that transport has a significant impact on climate change, its share in total greenhouse gas emissions on the planet is about 15%. To solve this problem, the scientific direction of "green" logistics is actively developing, using tools and technologies that allow achieving both environmental and economic (technological) effects. At the same time, the reduction of the negative impact on the environment from truck transport is achieved with local door-to-door deliveries and during transportation at the initial and final sections of the supply chains. The tools and technologies of "green" logistics in the areas of planning, organizing and improving the technology of road freight transportation, including the modernization of rolling stock and its operating conditions, are generalized and systematized. These technologies allow us to obtain optimal economic and environmental results (minimum total costs with reduced emissions and environmental pollution). The most promising direction, from the standpoint of "green" logistics, is terminal road transport, in which all the tools listed in this paper can be implemented. Further improvement of these transportations will increase the economic and environmental efficiency of road freight transport.

Keywords: "green" logistics, ecology, road transport, truck, delivery of goods, optimization in transport

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12. Karmakar G., Ghosh P., Sharma B.K. Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants, Lubricants, 2017, vol. 5(4), art. no. 44, doi 10.3390/lubricants5040044

Abstract. One of the most common types of vehicles are wheeled vehicles. The wheels of vehicles, interacting with the supporting surface, directly affect their performance characteristics. In this regard, problems arise in analyzing the influence of wheel parameters and rolling conditions on their traction and dynamic performance of wheeled vehicles. Since the implementation of forces and moments applied to the wheels occurs in the contact zone of the wheels with the supporting surface, to solve these problems it is necessary to consider the mechanics of wheel rolling from the point of view of its interaction with the supporting surface. The methodology developed by the authors of the article, based on the theory of preliminary displacement of wheel surface elements in the contact zone with the supporting surface and dividing the contact area into adhesion and sliding zones, makes it possible to take a new approach to the consideration of wheel rolling mechanics. The use of this technique makes it possible to obtain new, relatively simple equations for the force and kinematic parameters of the wheel, which make it possible to determine the longitudinal force and power losses due to friction in the contact zone, the relative loss of speed (slip) of the wheel, the boundaries of the areas of adhesion and sliding on the contact area, the coefficient of rolling resistance, coefficient of tangential elasticity of the wheel. The equations derived by the authors of the article contain a small number of parameters that can be easily deter-mined experimentally and are convenient for both theoretical and practical use. The validity of the research methodology used by the authors, as well as the assumptions made, is confirmed by comparison of the results obtained with the experimental studies of other authors.

Keywords: wheel, rolling, rolling resistance, friction, power, force

References

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Abstract. A methodology is proposed to assess the impact of quantitative indicators and measures related to the field of road safety and characterizing the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the value of the death toll in road accidents. The array of long-term initial data was collected and preprocessed, including rationing and scaling. It is proposed to consider the death toll in road accidents as a quantitative criterion. A complex of methods of statistical processing of data in relation to the sphere under consideration and solved problems has been formed, which includes correlation analysis, the method of main components, regression analysis, assessment of the significance of factors in a mathematical model, probabilistic assessment, validation of the model, calculation and interpretation of the obtained results. The proposed approach was developed on the tasks of assessing the effectiveness of measures of the federal target program for improving road safety and assessing the impact on reducing mortality due to road accidents of measures within the competence of the police and implemented within the framework of the federal project "Road Safety." Quantitative estimates were obtained and interpret-ed qualitatively. It was concluded that the methodology can be used to build a mathematical model of road traffic accidents in the regions of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: road safety, road traffic accidents, deaths in traffic accidents, data analysis, correlation and regression analysis

References

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Abstract. The article deals with the current problem of road safety associated with the active introduction of personal mobility aids (PMA) into the transportation process. According to official sources, in recent years, the number of accidents involving PMAs has increased significantly, resulting from overturning of the device, collisions with pedestrians, collisions with vehicles and other types of accidents, which indicates the active use of urban infra-structure designed for both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In order to ensure a certain level of safety of PMA movement, it is necessary to establish the permissible speed of their movement taking into account the urban infrastructure, namely the presence of certain obstacles with which it is possible to collide the devices under consideration. The study analyzes the urban infrastructure and establishes the main types of obstacles that can be encountered by the considered means of transportation - PMAs. Based on the analysis of normative sources, the geometric parameters of certain obstacles have been established. With the use of mathematical methods of calculation, the process of collision of PMA on certain types of obstacles was modeled, which allowed to establish a safe speed of movement, at which there is no overturning (falling) of the device under consideration. As a result of the calculation, it was found that the value of safe speed is also influenced by the geometry of the de-vice itself, in particular, the radius of the wheel. The performed calculation allowed us to establish the dependence of the change in the safe speed of movement taking into account the change in the radius of the PMA wheel.

Keywords: personal mobility aids, traffic safety, collision, obstacles, urban infrastructure, curb, wheel radius

References

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Abstract. The article deals with the current problem of road safety associated with the active introduction of personal mobility aids (PMA) into the transportation process. According to official sources, in recent years, the number of accidents involving PMAs has increased significantly, resulting from overturning of the device, collisions with pedestrians, collisions with vehicles and other types of accidents, which indicates the active use of urban infra-structure designed for both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In order to ensure a certain level of safety of PMA movement, it is necessary to establish the permissible speed of their movement taking into account the urban infrastructure, namely the presence of certain obstacles with which it is possible to collide the devices under consideration. The study analyzes the urban infrastructure and establishes the main types of obstacles that can be encountered by the considered means of transportation - PMAs. Based on the analysis of normative sources, the geometric parameters of certain obstacles have been established. With the use of mathematical methods of calculation, the process of collision of PMA on certain types of obstacles was modeled, which allowed to establish a safe speed of movement, at which there is no overturning (falling) of the device under consideration. As a result of the calculation, it was found that the value of safe speed is also influenced by the geometry of the de-vice itself, in particular, the radius of the wheel. The performed calculation allowed us to establish the dependence of the change in the safe speed of movement taking into account the change in the radius of the PMA wheel.

Keywords: personal mobility aids, traffic safety, collision, obstacles, urban infrastructure, curb, wheel radius

References

1. Kupavcev V. A., Donchenёko V. V. Organizaciya i bezopasnost' dorozhnogo dvizheniya, Sbornik statei, Tyumen, Tyumenskij industrial'nyj universitet, 2021, pp. 32-35.
2. Yung A. A., Shevcova A. G. Sovremennaya nauka, 2021, no. 2, pp. 31-36, doi 10.53039/2079-4401.2021.4.2.007.
3. Kupavcev V. A., Donchenko V. V. Avtomatizaciya i energosberezhenie v mashinostroenii, energetike i na transporte, Sbornik statei, Vologda, Vologodskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2022, pp. 327-331.
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9. Yung, A. A., Shevcova A. G., Vasil'eva V. V. Mir transporta i tekhnologicheskih mashin, 2023, no. 1-2(80), pp. 43-49, doi 10.33979/2073-7432-2023-2(80)-1-43-49.
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Abstract. The article considers promising directions of changes taking place in the main subsystems of the transport com-plex (transport infrastructure, vehicles, technological processes of transport, management processes of the transport complex and its elements), which must be taken into account when developing solutions for the digital transformation of the transport industry. It is noted that the transport infrastructure subsystem will actively use digital technologies in the design, construction and operation of transport infrastructure facilities based on digital models (twins), with their further use to solve problems of transportation management and the transport complex as a whole. Autonomous driving technologies are developing quite rapidly in the vehicles subsystem, and cars are becoming "unmanned". In the subsystem of technological processes of transport, there will be a transition to real–time management using multilevel modeling, the introduction of the ideology of MaaS - "Mobility as a service" in the transportation of passengers and goods. It is pointed out the importance of organizational and personnel support for the successful solution of the tasks of digital transformation of transport.

Keywords: digitalization of the transport complex, intelligent transport systems, digital twin, “mobility as a service”

References

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